Може!
Случвало ми се е два пъти и двата пъти ги върнах по същия начин:
1. From the menu at the top of the Firefox window, select File and then select the Exit menu item.
2. Reboot your computer.
3. When the computer restarts, select the Start Menu in the Windows Taskbar. Then, select Run.
4. In the Run dialog, enter the following:
%APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles
5. Click OK.
6. A window displays all your Firefox profiles as a set of folders.
o Each Profile folder is named something like the following:
xxxxxxxx.<ProfileName>
where xxxxxxxx is an assortment of random letters or numerals
<ProfileName> corresponds to the name of the profile.
o For example, the folder containing the default profile is named xxxxxxxx.default.
7. Select the folder for your current profile.
8. In the profile folder, the file bookmarks.html stores your bookmarks and has become corrupted. Right-click this file, and select Rename....
9. Rename the file to a unique name, such as the following:
bookmarks_backup.html
10. Open the folder named bookmarkbackups.
11. In the bookmarks backup folder, you should see up to five files with names like the following
bookmarks-xxxx-xx-xx.html
where
xxxx-xx-xx corresponds to the date the backup was made.
12. You must copy one of these backups to the profile folder. Right-click the most recently dated backup. Select Copy.
13. Go back to the previous folder, which now contains the bookmarks_backup.html file.
14. Right-click in the white space of the folder. Select Paste.
15. Right click the file you just pasted (bookmarks-xxxx-xx-xx.html). Select Rename....
16. Rename the file to bookmarks.html
17. Restart Firefox. Your bookmarks should now be available through the Bookmarks menu.
Изглежда сложно, но е много лесно изпълнимо. Описано е в support-a на mozilla - тема lost bookmarks.