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StringTheoryPracticist
12-15-2012, 12:13
You are a junior consultant working for a software development house called “Edutechno”. The company’s main focus is upon the development of IT based educational packages for the home market – games and packages that are marketed to parents as being beneficial to the development of numeracy, literacy and problem solving skills in primary and secondary school age children.

Over the last two months your consultancy team which consists of you, the business consultant and the senior technical consultant, have been in discussions with a consortium of three local education authorities (LEAs) in the South East of England about the development of an educationally based social network for school age children called “EduBook”. The idea behind the project is to develop a social networking site (based on the concept of Facebook, MySpace etc) that will encourage children to develop their writing and communication skills within a safe social networking environment.

The discussions between your consultancy team and the LEA consortium have been very positive to date and at the most recent meetings you have identified the key requirements for Edubook: In addition to allowing children to develop a personal ‘page’, Edubook will also include forums and blogging facilities to encourage children to express themselves through the written word.

Your consultancy team, therefore, was shocked today when at the latest meeting with the consortium , Julia Lancelot, Head of South Kent LEA, expressed concern with the project and indicated that her LEA would be withdrawing from the consortium with immediate effect. She then produced the results of an online poll commissioned by a company called JCA that arranges educational trips and outdoor activities. (Available in Appendix A of this specification). She told the other consortium members that the conclusions of this online poll were that “teachers believe social networking sites are to blame for pupils’ poor grades”.

Julia Lancelot’s argument to the rest of the consortium was very clear: she said that no LEA could be associated with an ‘educational’ social networking site when the latest research makes it very clear that teachers believe that those with poor levels of literacy are those who are biggest on social networking .

The meeting ended in disarray with the other consortium members now considering their positions as well.

Requirements
Back at Head Office, the senior technical consultant was furious: he told the rest of you that there is no clear evidence to support Julia Lancelot’s claims. In fact he mentioned recent research by the National Literacy Trust (2009) which suggests that “having a profile on a social networking site or having a blog is connected to enjoyment of writing and confidence in writing” (Information about this research is given in Appendix B) .

You are given the task of compiling a report that will critically evaluate the online poll highlighted by Julia Lancelot to show that it is not a reliable source/reliable study.

Within the report you are also told to critically evaluate the research by the National Literacy Trust to show why this is a reliable source/study and to summarise its findings.
Lastly, you are told to find at least one other reliable source, to suggest other reasons for poor levels of literacy amongst children.

Deliverables
You must submit a report (approximately 1500 words excluding your bibliography) to meet the requirements given above.
The report you submit must follow the framework given here:

1. Report title
Make this relevant and sensible

2. Contents page

3. Introduction
Here state the background to the report (why are you writing it), the aims of the report (what are you going to do within the report) and its anticipated audience (who is going to read it).

4. Methodology
In this section explain the activities you have undertaken in order to be able to
compile the report.

5. Critical evaluation of online poll commissioned by JCA.
In this section consider the online poll (details given in Appendix A) and discuss the key points made. Does the poll actually reach the same conclusion as Julia Lancelot? Give reasons why it may not be considered a reliable source/ reliable study.

6. Critical evaluation of National Literacy Trust research (2009)
In this section consider this research (details given in Appendix B) and discuss the key points made. Give reasons why you would consider this to be a more reliable source/study.

7. Other reasons for poor literacy levels in childhood
In this section, identify the study/studies you have found yourself that suggest other reasons for poor literacy and explain why you consider them to be reliable. Summarise the other reasons you have found that may contribute to poor literacy levels in childhood.

8. Conclusions
In this section you should reinforce the significant points of your report (don’t make any new ones).

9. Bibliography
All your references must be properly listed here using the Harvard method. You must
also reference using the Harvard method within the body of your report.

Appendix A

Results of online poll commissioned by JCA.

The research for this online poll was conducted by a global market research company www.onepoll.com. They undertook the research on behalf of a company called JCA (http://www.jca-adventure.co.uk/) which specialises in residential school trips and has 13 UK activity centres.
The survey for One Poll was carried out online in the UK between 19 and 25th October using 500 teachers.

1. PRESS RELEASE by onepoll.com: JCA research study
Written: Friday 19th November, 2010

Teachers believe social networking sites are to blame for pupil's poor grades, a study revealed yesterday Thurs).
According to the report, children who spend much of their time online find it harder to concentrate in class, are permanently distracted and have shorter attention spans.
Teachers also put the dip in the quality of children's' homework down to their willingness to spend their evenings on Facebook and Twitter instead of studying.
And many are unhappy at the increase in the number of children who are using text-speak or social networking chat - such as 2mor, msg, lol and bk - in place of English grammar.
The worrying stats emerged in a study of 500 teachers conducted by leading school trips provider JCA - which motivates personal and social development outside the classroom.

A spokeswoman for JCA Janie Burt said: ''This research clearly demonstrates that students up and down the country are spending more and more time using social media.
''Rather than relying on life experiences, educational travel and face to face interaction with others, children are becoming obsessed with social networking and this is shaping their attitudes instead.
''And as the teachers spell out, it is this obsession which has a direct impact on the future of our children - affecting their grades because they fail to complete their homework on time or to the standard required, and being unable to concentrate in class.''

The report shows a quarter of teachers are prepared to put their necks on the line and conclude the children with the poorest grades at school are the ones who are biggest on social networking.

Seven in 10 British teachers believe children are becoming more and more obsessed with websites such as Facebook, Twitter and My Space.
Half of the 500 teachers polled believe this fixation is affecting the children's ability to concentrate in class.
And two thirds say the quality of children's homework is poor as they rush to finish it so they can communicate with others online.

Educational Psychologist Kairen Cullen, CPsychol. AFBPsS said: ''It's a complex subject. Drawing on the basis of my clinical practice working with lots of children and young people, in this day and age it is inevitable that children will want to access and make sense of social networking.

''They enjoy using this tool but there is a danger that these virtual interactions filter out problematic or emotional issues, which in real life, support social and emotional development.

''Social networking has become so much the norm, for adults and children alike, that non-participation can result in feeling excluded or even socially ostracised.
''The time invested in social media versus real life interpersonal interaction can detract from that available for real human contact and contribute to delayed and/or distorted social and emotional development.''

StringTheoryPracticist
12-15-2012, 12:14
It is also claimed that children who are online at every available opportunity are less willing to communicate with adults.

And some teachers believe that despite schools banning mobile phones, many pupils secretly take smart phones to school and remain connected to social networking websites in class.

Abbreviations commonly used on sites such as Twitter and Facebook are also making it into coursework, essays and experiment write-ups.
And 35 per cent of children regularly use excuses such as ''my computer broke'' and ''I couldn't print it'' to explain why they haven't done their homework.
Teachers believe pupils don't spend nearly enough time on their homework as they should - and 73 per cent believe parents should take responsibility and limit the amount of time their child is spending online.

Unfortunately, 58 per cent of teachers believe mobile phones and computers are responsible for children being unable to spell as well as previous generations.
And 54 per cent say children can't write as well as they should because they are more used to keyboards and touch pads.

Educational Psychologist Kairen Cullen continues: ''If children are spending hours at night on social media it is perfectly feasible that teachers will see the negative results of poor concentration, excessive tiredness and lack of engagement in learning in school. In the worst case scenario, children can become quite isolated and withdrawn in the school situation and anywhere else that does not feature computer access.

''It is commonplace to find sleep deprived children who can't concentrate in school after a late night of social media antics which we need to realise is now part of our social reality.

''Currently there is little empirical research and related guidance on how to integrate social media into school-based learning, although I am aware that many teachers are grappling with this challenge in their day to day practice and some are managing to use this new media very constructively.

''What is clear to all adults involved in the business of supporting children's learning and development, is that children's all round development, including emotional and social development, happens over time, requires a range of relevant, meaningful and engaging activities and lots of opportunities to interact directly with other children and adults at school and at home.''

Available at http://www.onepoll.com/press-archive/SOCIAL
Accessed on Saturday 20/11/2010


2. Other reports of these findings
The results of this online poll were reported in a number of different newspapers/newsites. You may wish to look at some of them: E.g.

Daily Mail
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1330868/Teachers-blame-Facebook-Twitter-low-grades-poor-concentration.html

BBC news website
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1330868/Teachers-blame-Facebook-Twitter-low-grades-poor-concentration.html

Teachtimes website
http://www.teachingtimes.com/articles/social-networking-low-grades.htm

 Appendix B

Results of research undertaken by the National Literacy Trust (2009)

1. Executive summary of research findings by the National Literacy Trust

Writing is an important issue in the UK today. While children’s and young people’s writing
standards steadily improved until 2006, levels have not increased in recent years. Writing is
much more than just an educational issue – it is an essential skill that allows people to
participate fully in today’s society and to contribute to the economy.
Previous research into the teaching of writing and effective writing strategies has mainly focused on the formal types of writing taught in schools. However, today’s society writing takes many forms, including texting, instant messaging, blogging and emailing. The research evidence about these new forms of writing in the UK is fragmented and inconclusive. In particular, there is a lack of research looking at how much young people write, the different forms of writing that they engage in and their confidence in using these different forms of writing.
Since relatively little is known about young people’s views about writing in the UK, the key
objectives of this survey were: to explore how much young people enjoy writing, what type of writing they engage in, how good at writing they think they are and what they think about writing.
3001 pupils aged 8-16 from England and Scotland completed an online survey in May 2009.
There was an almost equal gender split, with 48.6% of boys and 51.4% of girls taking part. The percentage of pupils who receive free school meals (20.2%), which is frequently used in
educational research as a crude indicator of socio-economic background, was higher in this
survey compared to the national average for primary and secondary pupils.
Some of the key findings of this survey are:

• 75% of young people said that they write regularly. Technology-based formats were
most frequently written. For example, 82% of young people wrote text messages at least
once a month, 73% wrote instant messages (such as messages on AIM or MSN), and
63% wrote on a social networking site. Of non-technology based writing, 77% wrote
notes or answers in class or for homework at least once a month followed by 52%
writing notes to other people.
• 56% of young people said they had a profile on a social networking site, such as Bebo
or Facebook. 24% said that they have their own blog. While frequently vilified in the
media as ‘dumbing down’ young people’s literacy, this research shows that technology
offers different writing opportunities for young people, which is seen in a link between
blogging and (self-reported) writing ability and enjoyment of writing. For example, young
people who write on a blog were much more likely than young people who do not write
on a blog to enjoy writing in general (57% vs. 40%) and to enjoy writing for family/friends
in particular (79% vs. 55%). Young people with a blog (61%) as well as young people
with a profile on a social networking site (56%) also displayed greater confidence,
believing themselves to be good writers. Blog owners and young people with a social
networking profile were also more prolific writers than their counterparts. They held more
positive attitudes towards writing and computer use, and viewed writers more favourably.
• Owning a mobile phone does not appear to alter young people’s enjoyment of writing,
their writing behaviour or their attitudes towards writing.
• Most young people said they used computers regularly and believed that computers
are beneficial to their writing, agreeing that a computer makes it easier for them to
correct mistakes (89%) and allows them to present ideas clearly (76%). Overall, nearly
60% of young people also believe that computers allow them to be more creative,
concentrate more and encourage them to write more often.
• Young people are ambivalent about their enjoyment of writing. 45% of young people
surveyed said that they enjoy writing. However, enjoyment of writing is related to the
type of writing being done. When young people were asked to rate their enjoyment of
writing for family/friends and their enjoyment of writing for school separately, some
differences emerged. Young people enjoyed writing for family/friends more than they
enjoyed writing for school, with over two-thirds of young people enjoying writing for
family/friends and only half enjoying writing for schoolwork. Most young people agree
that they enjoy writing more when they can choose the topic (79%).
• Echoing US research (Pew Internet, 2008), just under 9 in 10 young people see writing
as an important skill to succeed in life, but this means that a sizeable minority (12%) do
not consider it an important life skill.
• When asked how good they think they are at writing, we found that there was an
almost equal split between those who said that they are either very good or good (52%)
and those who felt that they could be better or were not very good (45%). Those who
responded that they are a ‘very good’ or ‘good’ writer were then asked to select from a
list the reasons why they think that they are good at writing. Most young people felt that
they were a good writer because they use their imagination (39%), know how to type
(36%) and spell (33%). By contrast, young people who didn’t believe that they were
good writers were more likely to emphasise the transcriptional aspects of writing. For
example, the most common reason why young people think that they are not good
writers is that they are not very good at writing neatly (23%), followed by them not
enjoying writing very much (22%), not being very good at spelling (21%) or at checking
their work (20%).
• In line with governmental figures, which show that girls outperform boys in writing, there
were consistent gender differences throughout this survey. Boys lagged behind girls in
more than just their writing skills. Boys did not enjoy writing as much as girls (38% vs.
52%), either for family/friends or for schoolwork. Boys were also more likely to rate
themselves as ’not very good writers‘ than girls (48% vs. 42%) and to emphasise the
lack of technical skills when explaining their self-perceived ability. Boys also held more
negative attitudes towards writing. For example, boys were more likely than girls to
agree with statements that writing is boring (57% vs. 41%) and that writing is more for
girls than for boys (60% vs. 43%). However, boys held more positive attitudes towards
computers, being more likely than girls to believe that computers are beneficial to
writing. However, girls are nearly twice as likely as boys to have a blog (33% vs. 18%).

© National Literacy Trust Young people’s writi

StringTheoryPracticist
12-15-2012, 12:14
ng Executive summary November 2009

Available online at: http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/assets/0000/0560/Writing_survey_2009_Executive.pdf
Accessed on Saturday 20/11/2010



2. Other reports of these findings
The results of this survey were reported in a number of different newspapers/newsites. You may wish to look at some of them: E.g.

BBC news website
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/technology/8392653.stm